Normal subgroup of group of prime power order

This article describes a property that arises as the conjunction of a subgroup property: normal subgroup with a group property imposed on the ambient group: group of prime power order
View a complete list of such conjunctions | View a complete list of conjunctions where the group property is imposed on the subgroup

Definition

Suppose $G$ is a group and $H$ is a subgroup of $G$. We say that $H$ is a normal subgroup of group of prime power order if $G$ is a group of prime power order and $H$ is a normal subgroup of $G$.

Examples

VIEW: subgroups satisfying this property | subgroups dissatisfying property normal subgroup | subgroups whose group part dissatisfies property group of prime power order
VIEW: Related subgroup property satisfactions | Related subgroup property dissatisfactions

Extreme examples

• The trivial group is always a normal subgroup.
• Every group of prime power order is normal as a subgroup of itself.

Lots of normal subgroups

• In an abelian group of prime power order, or in a Hamiltonian group (which is a direct product of an elementary abelian 2-group and the quaternion group) every subgroup is normal.
• There exists a normal subgroup of every order dividing the order of the group. Moreover, there is a congruence condition on number of subgroups of given prime power order, which guarantees that the number of normal subgroups is congruent to $1$ modulo $p$.
• Every normal subgroup contains normal subgroups of the whole group of every order dividing its order, and every normal subgroup is contained in normal subgroups of the whole group of every order that's a multiple of its order and divides the order of the group.
• Every maximal subgroup is normal.

Normal subgroups arising from subgroup-defining functions

Subgroup-defining functions, such as characteristic p-functors, give rise to normal subgroups. Examples include:

• The derived subgroup and members of the derived series and lower central series.
• The center and member of the upper central series.
• The Frattini subgroup and members of the Frattini series.
• The omega subgroups and agemo subgroups.

Particular examples

Group	Order	Normal subgroups	Non-normal subgroups
dihedral group:D8 (subgroup structure)	$8 = 2^3$	cyclic maximal subgroup of dihedral group:D8, Klein four-subgroups of dihedral group:D8, center of dihedral group:D8, whole group, trivial subgroup	2-subnormal subgroups of order two generated by non-central elements
quaternion group (subgroup structure)	$8 = 2^3$	cyclic maximal subgroups of quaternion group, center of quaternion group, whole group, trivial subgroup	none
prime-cube order group:U(3,p) (subgroup structure)	$p^3$	center, elementary abelian normal subgroups of order $p^2$, whole group, trivial subgroup	non-central subgroups of order $p$
semidirect product of cyclic group of prime-square order and cyclic group of prime order (subgroup structure)	$p^3$	center, elementary abelian normal subgroup and cyclic normal subgroups of order $p^2$, whole group, trivial subgroup	non-central subgroups of order $p$

Relation with other properties

How it differs from normality in general

All the metaproperties that normality satisfies continue to be satisfied in the context of groups of prime power order. Also, normality is not transitive in general and also when restricted to groups of prime power order -- see normality is not transitive for any nontrivially satisfied extension-closed group property.

On the other hand, there are some additional things we can say in the context of groups of prime power order:

• Prime power order implies center is normality-large: Every nontrivial normal subgroup intersects the center nontrivially.
• There exist normal subgroups of every order, and there are also various replacement theorems (see Category:Replacement theorems) that allow one to replace subgroups of certain kinds by similar-looking normal subgroups.

Stronger properties

property	quick description	proof of implication	proof of strictness (reverse implication failure)	intermediate notions
Characteristic subgroup of group of prime power order	characteristic subgroup of group of prime power order	characteristic implies normal	normal not implies characteristic in any nontrivial subquasivariety of the quasivariety of groups	Finite-p-potentially characteristic subgroup, P-Sylow-automorphism-invariant subgroup of finite p-group, P-automorphism-invariant subgroup of finite p-group, P-core-automorphism-invariant subgroup of finite p-group|FULL LIST, MORE INFO
p-automorphism-invariant subgroup of finite $p$-group
p-core-automorphism-invariant subgroup of finite $p$-group
Finite-p-potentially characteristic subgroup				|FULL LIST, MORE INFO
Coprime automorphism-invariant normal subgroup of group of prime power order	normal and coprime automorphism-invariant subgroup in a group of prime power order			|FULL LIST, MORE INFO
Isomorph-free subgroup of group of prime power order	isomorph-free subgroup of group of prime power order			Characteristic subgroup of group of prime power order, Isomorph-normal characteristic subgroup of group of prime power order, Isomorph-normal subgroup of group of prime power order, Sylow-relatively weakly closed subgroup|FULL LIST, MORE INFO
Maximal subgroup of group of prime power order	maximal subgroup of group of prime power order	prime power order implies nilpotent, nilpotent implies every maximal subgroup is normal		Isomorph-normal subgroup of group of prime power order, Order-normal subgroup of group of prime power order|FULL LIST, MORE INFO
Isomorph-normal subgroup of group of prime power order	isomorph-normal subgroup -- every isomorphic subgroup is normal			Isomorph-normal subgroup of group of prime power order, Order-normal subgroup of group of prime power order|FULL LIST, MORE INFO
* Isomorph-normal characteristic subgroup of group of prime power order				Sylow-relatively weakly closed subgroup|FULL LIST, MORE INFO
* Isomorph-normal coprime automorphism-invariant subgroup of group of prime power order				Coprime automorphism-invariant normal subgroup of group of prime power order, Sylow-relatively weakly closed subgroup|FULL LIST, MORE INFO
Fusion system-relatively strongly closed subgroup				|FULL LIST, MORE INFO
Fusion system-relatively weakly closed subgroup				Coprime automorphism-invariant normal subgroup of group of prime power order, Sylow-relatively weakly closed subgroup|FULL LIST, MORE INFO
Sylow-relatively strongly closed subgroup				Sylow-relatively weakly closed subgroup|FULL LIST, MORE INFO
Sylow-relatively weakly closed subgroup				Coprime automorphism-invariant normal subgroup of group of prime power order|FULL LIST, MORE INFO

Weaker properties

property	quick description	proof of implication	proof of strictness (reverse implication failure)	intermediate notions
Normal subgroup of nilpotent group				|FULL LIST, MORE INFO
Normal subgroup contained in upper central series member				|FULL LIST, MORE INFO
Normal subgroup contained in the hypercenter				Normal subgroup of nilpotent group|FULL LIST, MORE INFO