SmallGroup(16,3)

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VIEW FACTS ABOUT THIS GROUP: All factsGroup property satisfactionsSubgroup property satisfactionsGroup property dissatisfactionsSubgroup property satisfactions
VIEW DEFINITIONS USING THIS AS EXAMPLE: All terms |Group properties |Subgroup properties|
VIEW FACTS USING THIS AS EXAMPLE: All facts |Group property non-implications |Subgroup property non-implications |Group metaproperty dissatisfactionsSubgroup metaproperty dissatisfactions

Definition

This group can be defined using the following presentation:

$G := \langle a,b,c \mid a^4 = b^2 = c^2 = e, ab = ba, bc = cb, cac^{-1} = ab \rangle$

Note that $G$ is generated by $a,c$ alone, because the final relation allows us to write $b$ in terms of $a$ and $c$.

The subgroup $\langle a,b \rangle$ is isomorphic to the direct product of Z4 and Z2, and the element $c$ is an element of order two that acts on the subgroup $\langle a,b \rangle$ by conjugation by fixing $b$ and sending $a$ to $ab$.

Arithmetic functions

Want to compare and contrast arithmetic function values with other groups of the same order? Check out groups of order 16#Arithmetic functions

Function	Value	Similar groups	Explanation for function value
underlying prime of p-group	2
order (number of elements, equivalently, cardinality or size of underlying set)	16	groups with same order
prime-base logarithm of order	4	groups with same prime-base logarithm of order
max-length of a group	4		max-length of a group equals prime-base logarithm of order for group of prime power order
chief length	4		chief length equals prime-base logarithm of order for group of prime power order
composition length	4		composition length equals prime-base logarithm of order for group of prime power order
exponent of a group	4	groups with same order and exponent of a group | groups with same exponent of a group
prime-base logarithm of exponent	2	groups with same order and prime-base logarithm of exponent | groups with same prime-base logarithm of order and prime-base logarithm of exponent | groups with same prime-base logarithm of exponent
nilpotency class	2	groups with same order and nilpotency class | groups with same prime-base logarithm of order and nilpotency class | groups with same nilpotency class
derived length	2	groups with same order and derived length | groups with same prime-base logarithm of order and derived length | groups with same derived length
Frattini length	2	groups with same order and Frattini length | groups with same prime-base logarithm of order and Frattini length | groups with same Frattini length
minimum size of generating set	2	groups with same order and minimum size of generating set | groups with same prime-base logarithm of order and minimum size of generating set | groups with same minimum size of generating set
subgroup rank of a group	3	groups with same order and subgroup rank of a group | groups with same prime-base logarithm of order and subgroup rank of a group | groups with same subgroup rank of a group
rank of a p-group	3	groups with same order and rank of a p-group | groups with same prime-base logarithm of order and rank of a p-group | groups with same rank of a p-group
normal rank of a p-group	3	groups with same order and normal rank of a p-group | groups with same prime-base logarithm of order and normal rank of a p-group | groups with same normal rank of a p-group
characteristic rank of a p-group	3	groups with same order and characteristic rank of a p-group | groups with same prime-base logarithm of order and characteristic rank of a p-group | groups with same characteristic rank of a p-group
number of conjugacy classes	10	groups with same order and number of conjugacy classes | groups with same prime-base logarithm of order and number of conjugacy classes | groups with same number of conjugacy classes
number of conjugacy classes of subgroups	17	groups with same order and number of conjugacy classes of subgroups | groups with same prime-base logarithm of order and number of conjugacy classes of subgroups | groups with same number of conjugacy classes of subgroups

Group properties

Want to compare with other groups of the same order? Check out groups of order 16#Group properties.

Property	Satisfied	Explanation
abelian group	No	$a,c$ don't commute
group of prime power order	Yes
nilpotent group	Yes	prime power order implies nilpotent
group of nilpotency class two	Yes
supersolvable group	Yes
T-group	No	The subgroup $\langle a \rangle$ is 2-subnormal, not normal
monolithic group	No
one-headed group	No
ambivalent group	No
rational group	No
rational-representation group	No

Subgroups

Further information: subgroup structure of SmallGroup(16,3)

1. The trivial group. (1)
2. The subgroup $\langle b \rangle$, which is the unique characteristic subgroup of order $2$. Isomorphic to cyclic group:Z2. It is the commutator subgroup, and can also be described as the unique group of order two containing an element that is not a square but is a product of squares. The quotient group is isomorphic to direct product of Z4 and Z2. (1)
3. The subgroups $\langle a^2 \rangle$ and $\langle a^2b \rangle$, which are both normal subgroups related by an outer automorphism. Isomorphic to cyclic group:Z2. The quotient group for each is isomorphic to dihedral group:D8. (2)
4. The subgroups $\langle c \rangle$, $\langle bc \rangle$, $\langle a^2c \rangle$ and $\langle a^2bc \rangle$. Neither is normal, and they come in two conjugacy classes of size two each. Isomorphic to cyclic group:Z2. (4)
5. The subgroup $\langle a^2,b \rangle$, which is the center, first agemo subgroup, and Frattini subgroup. Isomorphic to Klein four-group. The quotient group is isomorphic to Klein four-group. (1)
6. The subgroups $\langle b,c \rangle$ and $\langle b, a^2c\rangle$. Both are normal subgroups and are related by an outer automorphism. Isomorphic to Klein four-group. The quotient group is isomorphic to cyclic group:Z4. (2)
7. The subgroups $\langle a^2,c \rangle$, $\langle a^2,bc \rangle$, $\langle a^2b,c\rangle$, and $\langle a^2b, bc \rangle$. Two conjugacy classes of size two each. Isomorphic to Klein four-group. The quotient group is also isomorphic to a Klein four-group. (4)
8. The subgroups $\langle a \rangle$, $\langle ab \rangle$, $\langle ac \rangle$, and $\langle abc \rangle$. All of them are related by outer automorphisms, and they form two conjugacy classes of subgroups of size two each: $\langle a \rangle$ is conjugate to $\langle ab \rangle$, while $\langle ac \rangle$ is conjugate to $\langle abc \rangle$. Isomorphic to cyclic group:Z4. (4)
9. The subgroups $\langle a,b \rangle$ and $\langle ac, b \rangle$. These are both normal subgroups related by an outer automorphism. Isomorphic to direct product of Z4 and Z2. The quotient group is isomorphic to cyclic group:Z2. (2)
10. The subgroup $\langle a^2,b,c \rangle$. Isomorphic to elementary abelian group:E8. The quotient group is isomorphic to cyclic group:Z2. (1)
11. The whole group. (1)

Subgroup-defining functions

Subgroup-defining function	Subgroup type in list	Page on subgroup embedding	Isomorphism class	Comment
Center	(4)	center of SmallGroup(16,3)	Klein four-group
Commutator subgroup	(2)	commutator subgroup of SmallGroup(16,3)	cyclic group:Z2
Frattini subgroup	(4)	center of SmallGroup(16,3)	Klein four-group
Socle	(4)	center of SmallGroup(16,3)	Klein four-group
first omega subgroup	(7)		elementary abelian group:E8

GAP implementation

Group ID

This finite group has order 16 and has ID 3 among the groups of order 16 in GAP's SmallGroup library. For context, there are 14 groups of order 16. It can thus be defined using GAP's SmallGroup function as:

SmallGroup(16,3)

For instance, we can use the following assignment in GAP to create the group and name it $G$:

gap> G := SmallGroup(16,3);

Conversely, to check whether a given group $G$ is in fact the group we want, we can use GAP's IdGroup function:

IdGroup(G) = [16,3]

or just do:

IdGroup(G)

to have GAP output the group ID, that we can then compare to what we want.

Other descriptions

The group can be constructed using the following GAP commands:

gap> F := FreeGroup(3);
<free group on the generators [ f1, f2, f3 ]>
gap> G := F/[F.1^4, F.2^2, F.1*F.2*F.1^(-1)*F.2^(-1),F.3^2,F.3*F.2*F.3^(-1)*F.2^(-1),F.3*F.1*F.3^(-1)*F.2^(-1)*F.1^(-1)];
<fp group on the generators [ f1, f2, f3 ]>