Upward-closed characteristic not implies cyclic-quotient in finite
This article gives the statement and possibly, proof, of a non-implication relation between two subgroup properties, when the big group is a finite group. That is, it states that in a finite group, every subgroup satisfying the first subgroup property (i.e., upward-closed characteristic subgroup) need not satisfy the second subgroup property (i.e., cyclic-quotient subgroup)
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Statement
It is possible to have a finite group and a subgroup of such that the following two conditions hold:
- is an upward-closed characteristic subgroup of : Every subgroup of containing is a Characteristic subgroup (?) of .
- is not a cyclic-quotient subgroup of , i.e., the quotient group is not a cyclic group.
Related facts
Converse
Facts used
Proof
Example of a group of order 16
Further information: semidihedral group:SD16, subgroup structure of semidihedral group:SD16
Consider the semidihedral group of order , given by the presentation:
.
The derived subgroup of euqals the Frattini subgroup of and it is the subgroup . The quotient by this subgroup is a Klein four-group, and is hence not cyclic. However, all subgroups of containing are characteristic -- in fact, all the subgroups of order eight containing are isomorph-free subgroups: the cyclic group of order eight , the dihedral group of order eight , and the quaternion group .
Generalization
The Bryant-Kovacs theorem allows us to construct, for any prime number and any , a group such that (with the Frattini subgroup of ) is elementary abelian of order , and the image of the map is trivial. This in particular would imply that is upward-closed characteristic, but is not cyclic.