Center of semidihedral group:SD16
This article is about a particular subgroup in a group, up to equivalence of subgroups (i.e., an isomorphism of groups that induces the corresponding isomorphism of subgroups). The subgroup is (up to isomorphism) cyclic group:Z2 and the group is (up to isomorphism) semidihedral group:SD16 (see subgroup structure of semidihedral group:SD16).
The subgroup is a normal subgroup and the quotient group is isomorphic to dihedral group:D8.
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The semidihedral group (also denoted
) is the semidihedral group (also called quasidihedral group) of order
. Specifically, it has the following presentation:
.
has 16 elements:
The subgroup of interest is the subgroup
.
The quotient group is isomorphic to dihedral group:D8.
Contents
Cosets
The subgroup has order 2 and index 8, so it has 8 left cosets. It is a normal subgroup, so the left cosets coincide with the right cosets. The cosets are:
The quotient group is isomorphic to dihedral group:D8, and the multiplication table on cosets is given below. The row element is multiplied on the left and the column element is multiplied on the right.
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Note that the multiplication table for the quotient group looks identical to that for center of dihedral group:D16, although the original groups differ (semidihedral group:SD16 versus dihedral group:D16).
Arithmetic functions
Function | Value | Explanation |
---|---|---|
order of whole group | 16 | |
order of subgroup | 2 | |
index of subgroup | 8 | |
size of conjugacy class (=index of normalizer) | 1 | |
number of conjugacy classes in automorphism class | 1 |
Subgroup-defining functions
Subgroup-defining function | What it means in general | Why it takes this value | GAP verification (set G := SmallGroup(16,8); H := Center(G)) |
---|---|---|---|
center | elements that commute with every group element | No element of the form ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Definitional |
third member of lower central series | commutator subgroup between whole group and its derived subgroup, i.e., ![]() |
Derived subgroup is ![]() ![]() |
H = CommutatorSubgroup(G,DerivedSubgroup(G)); using DerivedSubgroup and CommutatorSubgroup. |
socle | join of all minimal normal subgroups | In fact, it is the unique minimal normal subgroup -- the group is a monolithic group. | H = Socle(G); using Socle |
second agemo subgroup | subgroup generated by elements of the form ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Every fourth power is either ![]() ![]() |
H = Agemo(G,2,2); using Agemo |
Subgroup properties
Invariance under automorphisms and endomorphisms
Property | Meaning | Satisfied? | Explanation |
---|---|---|---|
normal subgroup | invariant under inner automorphisms | Yes | center is normal |
characteristic subgroup | invariant under all automorphisms | Yes | center is characteristic |
fully invariant subgroup | invariant under all endomorphisms | Yes | lower central series members are fully invariant, agemo subgroups are fully invariant |
verbal subgroup | generated by set of words | Yes | Lower central series members are verbal, agemo subgroups are verbal |
normal-isomorph-free subgroup | no other isomorphic normal subgroup | Yes | |
isomorph-free subgroup, isomorph-containing subgroup | No other isomorphic subgroups | No | There are other subgroups of order two, such as ![]() |
isomorph-normal subgroup | Every isomorphic subgroup is normal | No | There are other subgroups of order two that are not normal: ![]() |
homomorph-containing subgroup | contains all homomorphic images | No | There are other subgroups of order two. |
1-endomorphism-invariant subgroup | invariant under all 1-endomorphisms of the group | Yes | It is precisely the set of fourth powers, which must therefore go to squares under 1-endomorphisms |
1-automorphism-invariant subgroup | invariant under all 1-automorphisms of the group | Yes | Follows from being 1-endomorphism-invariant. |
quasiautomorphism-invariant subgroup | invariant under all quasiautomorphisms | Yes | Follows from being 1-automorphism-invariant |