Characteristicity does not satisfy image condition
This article gives the statement, and possibly proof, of a subgroup property (i.e., characteristic subgroup) not satisfying a subgroup metaproperty (i.e., image condition).
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Contents
Statement
Property-theoretic statement
The subgroup property of being a characteristic subgroup satisfies the subgroup metaproperty called the image condition.
Statement with symbols
If is a characteristic subgroup of
and
is a surjective homomorphism, then
is not necessarily a characteristic subgroup of
.
Partial truth
Although the image of every characteristic subgroup under a surjective homomorphism need not be characteristic, there are special situations where we can guarantee this property. A characteristic subgroup whose image under every surjective homomorphism is characteristic is termed an image-closed characteristic subgroup.
It turns out that every verbal subgroup, and in particular, every member of the lower central series and derived series, as well as the agemo subgroups, are image-closed characteristic. In fact, their images are verbal subgroup with the same defining words.
On the other hand, the center need not satisfy the property that its image is always characteristic. For full proof, refer: Center not is image-closed characteristic
Proof
We present here two counterexamples of groups of order eight.
Example of an Abelian group of order eight
Let , and
be the subgroup
. This is
(the first omega subgroup) -- the set of elements of order two in
. Thus,
is a characteristic subgroup of
.
Let , and
be the quotient map. Then,
is isomorphic to the Klein-four group, and
is a subgroup of order two in it, which is clearly not characteristic in
.
Example of the dihedral group
Consider the dihedral group of order eight with an element of order four, playing the role of the rotation, and an element
of order two, playing the role of the reflection. Let
be the cyclic subgroup of order four generated by
. Then,
is a characteristic subgroup of
.
Consider the quotient map where
. The group
is isomorphic to a Klein-four group, and the image
is a subgroup of order two in that Klein-four group. Clearly,
is not characteristic inside
.