Characteristic not implies amalgam-characteristic
This article gives the statement and possibly, proof, of a non-implication relation between two subgroup properties. That is, it states that every subgroup satisfying the first subgroup property (i.e., characteristic subgroup) need not satisfy the second subgroup property (i.e., amalgam-characteristic subgroup)
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Statement
A characteristic subgroup of a group need not be an amalgam-characteristic subgroup.
Related facts
- Normal not implies amalgam-characteristic
- Finite normal implies amalgam-characteristic
- Central implies amalgam-characteristic
- Normal subgroup in upper central series member is amalgam-characteristic
Proof
Example of the infinite dihedral group
Let be the infinite dihedral group given by:
.
Let be the subgroup of
given as the normal subgroup
. Note that
is characteristic in
, since it is the centralizer of derived subgroup. We have:
Note here that we're using the fact that the infinite dihedral group can be identified with the free product of two copies of the cyclic group of order two, whence either of these takes the role of the acting . The upshot is that we have:
where the action is by the inverse map. Further, is the first embedded direct factor
in
.
Finally, observe that the coordinate exchange automorphism of extends to an automorphism of
, since it commutes with the inverse map, and can therefore be taken to fix the complementary
.
Thus, is not a characteristic subgroup of
.