Right coset of a subgroup

VIEW: Definitions built on this | Facts about this: (, all facts related to Right coset of a subgroup) | Survey articles about definitions built on this

Definition

Definition with symbols

Let  be a subgroup of a group . Then, a right coset of  is a nonempty subset  satisfying the following equivalent properties:

1.  is in  for any  and  in , and for any fixed , the map  is a surjection from  to 
2. There exists a  in  such that 
3. For any  in , 
4.  is an orbit in  under the action of  on  by left multiplication

Facts

Right congruence

The right cosets of a subgroup are pairwise disjoint, and hence form a partition of the group. The relation of being in the same right coset is an equivalence relation on the group, and this equivalence relation is termed the right congruence induced by the subgroup.

Relation with left coset

Every subset that occurs as a right coset of a subgroup also occurs as a left coset. In fact, the right coset  occurs as the left coset  with  being the new subgroup.

Condition for a left coset to also be a right coset

For a given group , a subset is both a left coset of  and a right coset of  if it is of the form  where  is in the normalizer of . In other words, the normalizer of a subgroup can be defined as the union of those subsets that are both left and right cosets of .

Numerical facts

Size of each right coset

Let  be a subgroup of  and  be any element of . Then, the map sending  in  to  is a bijection from  to .

Number of right cosets

The number of right cosets of a subgroup is termed the index of that subgroup.

Since all right cosets have the same size as the subgroup, we have a formula for the index of the subgroup when the whole group is finite: it is the ratio of the order of the group to the order of the subgroup.

This incidentally also proves Lagrange's theorem -- the order of any subgroup of a finite group divides the order of the whole group.

Natural isomorphism of left cosets with right cosets

There is a natural bijection between the set of left cosets of a subgroup and the set of right cosets of that subgroup. This bijection arises from the natural antiautomorphism of a group defined by the map sending each element to its inverse. Further information: Left and right coset spaces are naturally isomorphic