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This article gives the statement and possibly, proof, of an implication relation between two subgroup properties. That is, it states that every subgroup satisfying the first subgroup property (i.e., periodic normal subgroup) must also satisfy the second subgroup property (i.e., amalgam-characteristic subgroup)
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Contents 1 Statement 2 Related facts 3 Facts used 4 Proof

Statement

Suppose G is a group and H is a periodic normal subgroup of G: in other words, H is a normal subgroup of G as well as a periodic group (every element of H is of finite order). Then, H is an amalgam-characteristic subgroup of G: H is characteristic in G * _HG.

Related facts

• Finite normal implies amalgam-characteristic
• Central implies amalgam-characteristic

Facts used

1. Quotient of amalgamated free product by amalgamated normal subgroup equals free product of quotient groups
2. Free product of nontrivial groups has no nontrivial periodic normal subgroup
3. Normality is upper join-closed
4. Normality satisfies image condition

Proof

Given: A group G, a periodic normal subgroup H of G. K: = G * _HG.

To prove: H is a characteristic subgroup in L.

Proof:

1. By fact (1), .
2. K / H has no nontrivial periodic normal subgroup: By fact (2), if H is a proper subgroup of G, then L / H has no nontrivial periodic normal subgroup. If H = G, then L / H is trivial and hence has no nontrivial periodic normal subgroup.
3. H is a finite normal subgroup of K: Since H is normal in both copies of G, it is normal in K. Also, H is finite.
4. H is the unique largest periodic normal subgroup of K: Suppose M is a finite normal subgroup of K. Then, by fact (4), the image of M in the quotient map is a normal subgroup of K / H. Also, since M is periodic, its image is periodic. In step (2), we concluded that K / H has no nontrivial periodic normal subgroup. Thus, the image of M is trivial, so .
5. H is characteristic in K: This follows since it is the unique largest periodic normal subgroup of K.