2-subnormal subgroup

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This page describes a subgroup property obtained as a composition of two fundamental subgroup properties: normal subgroup and normal subgroup
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This is a variation of normality
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Definition

QUICK PHRASES: normal inside normal closure, every conjugate is in its normalizer, normal closure is in normalizer, normal subgroup of normal subgroup

Symbol-free definition

A subgroup of a group is termed 2-subnormal if the following equivalent conditions hold:

(Normal of normal): There is an intermediate subgroup containing it such that the subgroup is normal in the intermediate subgroup and such that the intermediate subgroup is normal in the whole group.
(Normal in closure): The subgroup is normal in its normal closure.
(Normal closure in normalizer, Every conjugate in normalizer): The normal closure of the subgroup is contained in its normalizer. Equivalently, every conjugate of the subgroup is contained in its normalizer.
(In normal core of normalizer): The subgroup is contained in its normal core of normalizer: the normal core of its normalizer.

The property of being 2-subnormal is the same as the property of being subnormal of depth 2.

Definition with symbols

A subgroup $H$ of a group $G$ is termed 2-subnormal if the following equivalent conditions hold:

(Normal of normal): There is subgroup $K$ such that $H$ is a normal subgroup of $K$ and $K$ is a normal subgroup of $G$ .
(Normal in closure): $H$ is a normal subgroup of its normal closure in $G$ .
(Normal closure in normalizer, Every conjugate in normalizer): The normal closure of $H$ in $G$ is contained in the normalizer $N G (H)$ of $H$ in $G$ .
(In normal core of normalizer): The normal core of $N G (H)$ in $G$ contains $H$ .

A 2-subnormal subgroup $H$ has a unique fastest ascending subnormal series $H \le K \le G$ , where $K$ is the normal core of $N G (H)$ . It also has a unique fastest descending subnormal series $G \ge L \ge H$ , where $L$ is the normal closure of $H$ in $G$ . While subnormal subgroups of larger depth also have unique fastest descending subnormal series, they do not in general possess unique fastest ascending subnormal series. Further information: 2-subnormal subgroup has a unique fastest ascending subnormal series, Subnormal subgroup has a unique fastest descending subnormal series, 3-subnormal subgroup need not have a unique fastest ascending subnormal series

Formalisms

First-order description

This subgroup property is a first-order subgroup property, viz., it has a first-order description in the theory of groups.
View a complete list of first-order subgroup properties

A subgroup $H$ is 2-subnormal in a group $G$ if it satisfies the following first-order sentence:

$\forall g \in G, \forall x,y \in H, gxg^{-1}ygx^{-1}g^{-1} \in H$

Examples

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Relation with other properties

Stronger properties

property	quick description	proof of implication	proof of strictness (reverse implication failure)	intermediate notions
Base of a wreath product				click here
Normal subgroup		(by definition)	normality is not transitive	click here
2-hypernormalized subgroup	normalizer is normal		2-subnormal not implies hypernormalized
Right-transitively 2-subnormal subgroup	every 2-subnormal subgroup of it is 2-subnormal in the whole group.
Left-transitively 2-subnormal subgroup	If whole group is 2-subnormal in some group, so is subgroup			click here
Join-transitively 2-subnormal subgroup	join with any 2-subnormal subgroup is 2-subnormal		2-subnormality is not finite-join-closed
Commutator of a normal subgroup and a subset		Commutator of a normal subgroup and a subset implies 2-subnormal
Direct factor of characteristic subgroup				click here
Direct factor of normal subgroup				click here
Normal subgroup of characteristic subgroup

Weaker properties

property	quick description	proof of implication	proof of strictness (reverse implication failure)	intermediate notions
Conjugate-permutable subgroup	permutes with all conjugate subgroups	2-subnormal implies conjugate-permutable	conjugate-permutable not implies 2-subnormal	click here
Join-transitively subnormal subgroup	join with any subnormal subgroup is subnormal	2-subnormal implies join-transitively subnormal	join-transitively subnormal not implies 2-subnormal	click here
* Linear-bound join-transitively subnormal subgroup
* Polynomial-bound join-transitively subnormal subgroup
Join of finitely many 2-subnormal subgroups			2-subnormality is not finite-join-closed
Join of 2-subnormal subgroups
Subnormal subgroup			there exist subgroups of arbitrarily large subnormal depth	click here
* 3-subnormal subgroup
* 4-subnormal subgroup

Metaproperties

Transitivity

NO: This subgroup property is not transitive: a subgroup with this property in a subgroup with this property, need not have the property in the whole group
ABOUT THIS PROPERTY: |
ABOUT TRANSITIVITY: View a complete list of subgroup properties that are not transitive| View facts related to transitivity of subgroup properties | View a survey article on disproving transitivity

A 2-subnormal subgroup of a 2-subnormal subgroup is not necessarily 2-subnormal. For full proof, refer: 2-subnormality is not transitive

Trimness

This subgroup property is trim -- it is both trivially true (true for the trivial subgroup) and identity-true (true for a group as a subgroup of itself).
View other trim subgroup properties | View other trivially true subgroup properties | View other identity-true subgroup properties

Every group is 2-subnormal as a subgroup of itself, and further, the trivial subgroup is 2-subnormal in any group.

Intersection-closedness

YES: This subgroup property is intersection-closed: an arbitrary (nonempty) intersection of subgroups with this property, also has this property.
ABOUT THIS PROPERTY: |
ABOUT INTERSECTION-CLOSEDNESS: View all intersection-closed subgroup properties (or, strongly intersection-closed properties) | View all subgroup properties that are not intersection-closed | Read a survey article on proving intersection-closedness | Read a survey article on disproving intersection-closedness

An arbitrary intersection of 2-subnormal subgroups is 2-subnormal. For full proof, refer: 2-subnormality is strongly intersection-closed

Join-closedness

This subgroup property is not join-closed, viz., it is not true that a join of subgroups with this property must have this property.
Read an article on methods to prove that a subgroup property is not join-closed

An arbitrary join of 2-subnormal subgroups need not be 2-subnormal. In fact, even a join of two 2-subnormal subgroups need not be 2-subnormal. For full proof, refer: 2-subnormality is not finite-join-closed

Conjugate-join-closedness

This subgroup property is conjugate-join-closed; in other words, a join of conjugate subgroups, each having the property, also has the property.
View a complete list of conjugate-join-closed subgroup properties

A join of 2-subnormal subgroups that are conjugate to each other is again 2-subnormal. For full proof, refer: 2-subnormality is conjugate-join-closed

Intermediate subgroup condition

YES: This subgroup property satisfies the intermediate subgroup condition: if a subgroup has the property in the whole group, it has the property in every intermediate subgroup.
ABOUT THIS PROPERTY: |
ABOUT INTERMEDIATE SUBROUP CONDITION: View all properties satisfying intermediate subgroup condition | View facts about intermediate subgroup condition

If $H$ is a 2-subnormal subgroup of $G$ , then $H$ is also 2-subnormal in any intermediate subgroup $K$ of $G$ . For full proof, refer: 2-subnormality satisfies intermediate subgroup condition

Transfer condition

YES: This subgroup property satisfies the transfer condition: if a subgroup has the property in the whole group, its intersection with any subgroup has the property in that subgroup.
View other subgroup properties satisfying the transfer condition

If $H$ is a 2-subnormal subgroup of $G$ and $K$ is any subgroup of $G$ , then $H \cap K$ is 2-subnormal in $K$ . For full proof, refer: 2-subnormality satisfies transfer condition

Image condition

YES: This subgroup property satisfies the image condition, i.e., under any surjective homomorphism, the image of a subgroup satisfying the property also satisfies the property
View other subgroup properties satisfying image condition

If $f:G \to K$ is a surjective homomorphism of groups, and $H$ is 2-subnormal in $G$ , then $f (H)$ is 2-subnormal in $K$ .

Upper join-closedness

NO: This subgroup property is not upper join-closed: if a subgroup has the property in intermediate subgroups it need not have the property in their join.

If $H \le G$ and $K, L$ are two intermediate subgroups containing $H$ , it may happen that $H$ is 2-subnormal in $K$ as well as in $L$ , but is not 2-subnormal in $\langle K, L \rangle$ . For full proof, refer: 2-subnormality is not upper join-closed

Effect of property operators

The right transiter

Applying the right transiter to this property gives: right-transitively 2-subnormal subgroup

The right transiter of the property of being 2-subnormal is termed the property of being right-transitively 2-subnormal. A subgroup $H$ of a group $G$ is termed right-transitively 2-subnormal if any 2-subnormal subgroup $K$ of $H$ is 2-subnormal in $G$ .

Some subgroup properties stronger than being right-transitively 2-subnormal include: base of a wreath product, transitively normal subgroup, and normal subgroup that is also a T-group (for instance, an Abelian normal subgroup).

The left transiter

Applying the left transiter to this property gives: left-transitively 2-subnormal subgroup

The left transiter of the property of being 2-subnormal is termed the property of being left-transitively 2-subnormal. A subgroup $H$ of a group $G$ is termed left-transitively 2-subnormal if whenever $G$ is embedded as a 2-subnormal subgroup of some group $K$ , $H$ is also 2-subnormal in $K$ .

Any characteristic subgroup is left-transitively 2-subnormal, because the left transiter of normal is characteristic.

The join-transiter

Applying the join-transiter to this property gives: join-transitively 2-subnormal subgroup

A join-transitively 2-subnormal subgroup is a subgroup whose join with any 2-subnormal subgroup is 2-subnormal. Any normal subgroup is join-transitively 2-subnormal.

Facts about 2-subnormal subgroupRDF feed

Applying operator gives	Right-transitively 2-subnormal subgroup +, Left-transitively 2-subnormal subgroup +, and Join-transitively 2-subnormal subgroup +
Defining ingredient	Normal subgroup +, Normal closure +, Normalizer of a subgroup +, Conjugate subgroups +, Normal core of normalizer +, and Normal core +
Dissatisfies metaproperty	Transitive subgroup property +, and Join-closed subgroup property +
Page class	Term +
Satisfies metaproperty	First-order subgroup property +, Trim subgroup property +, Trivially true subgroup property +, Identity-true subgroup property +, Left-realized subgroup property +, Right-realized subgroup property +, Intersection-closed subgroup property +, Conjugate-join-closed subgroup property +, Intermediate subgroup condition +, Transfer condition +, and Image condition +
Stronger than	Conjugate-permutable subgroup +, Join-transitively subnormal subgroup +, Linear-bound join-transitively subnormal subgroup +, Polynomial-bound join-transitively subnormal subgroup +, Join of finitely many 2-subnormal subgroups +, Join of 2-subnormal subgroups +, Subnormal subgroup +, 3-subnormal subgroup +, and 4-subnormal subgroup +
Variation of	Normality +
Weaker than	Base of a wreath product +, Normal subgroup +, 2-hypernormalized subgroup +, Right-transitively 2-subnormal subgroup +, Left-transitively 2-subnormal subgroup +, Join-transitively 2-subnormal subgroup +, Commutator of a normal subgroup and a subset +, Direct factor of characteristic subgroup +, Direct factor of normal subgroup +, and Normal subgroup of characteristic subgroup +