Odd-order p-group implies every irreducible representation has Schur index one

From Groupprops

This article states and (possibly) proves a fact that is true for odd-order p-groups: groups of prime power order where the underlying prime is odd. The statement is false, in general, for groups whose order is a power of two.
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Statement

Suppose is an odd prime and is a finite -group, i.e., a group of prime power order where the underlying prime is . Then, every irreducible representation of over a splitting field has Schur index (?) 1, i.e., every irreducible representation can be realized over the field generated by the character values of the representation.

Related facts

  • The statement is not true for . An example is the faithful irreducible representation of quaternion group, which is a degree two representation whose character takes values in but where the representation cannot be realized over but is realized over a suitable imaginary quadratic extension of , such as any extension of the form .
  • The statement is not true for odd-order groups in general. In particular, there are counterexample odd-order groups (which are, by the odd-order theorem, finite solvable groups) that are not nilpotent and where one or more of the irreducible representations has Schur index greater than one. The smallest example is nontrivial semidirect product of Z7 and Z9.