Nilpotent-quotient implies subgroup-to-quotient powering-invariance implication

From Groupprops

This article gives the statement and possibly, proof, of an implication relation between two subgroup properties. That is, it states that every subgroup satisfying the first subgroup property (i.e., nilpotent-quotient subgroup) must also satisfy the second subgroup property (i.e., normal subgroup satisfying the subgroup-to-quotient powering-invariance implication)
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Statement

Suppose G is a group and H is a normal subgroup of G that is a nilpotent-quotient subgroup, i.e., the quotient group G/H is a nilpotent group (note that G and H themselves may or may not be nilpotent). Then, H is a normal subgroup satisfying the subgroup-to-quotient powering-invariance implication in G. Explicitly, this means that if p is a prime number such that both G and H are p-powered, then so is G/H.

Facts used

  1. Divisibility is inherited by quotient groups
  2. Equivalence of definitions of nilpotent group that is torsion-free for a set of primes: We use the equivalence of (1) and (2) within the multi-part equivalence. This says that a nilpotent group has no non-identity elements of order p if and only if its pth power map is injective.

Proof

Given: Group G, normal subgroup H such that both G and H are p-powered for some prime number p.

To prove: G/H is p-powered.

Proof:

Step no. Assertion/construction Facts used Given data used Previous steps used Explanation
1 G/H is p-divisible, i.e., any element in it has a pth root. In other words, the pth power map in it is surjective. Fact (1) G is p-powered, hence p-divisible, H is normal in G.
2 G/H is p-torsion-free. G and H are both p-powered. Any element of H has a unique pth root in H, and also a unique pth root in G, so those unique roots coincide, which means it has no pth root outside H. Thus, G/H has no non-identity element of order p.
3 The pth power map in G/H is injective. Fact (2) G/H is nilpotent. Step (2) Fact-given-step combination direct.
4 G/H is p-powered, i.e., its pth power map is bijective. Steps (1), (3) Step-combination direct.