Full transformation monoid
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Contents
Definition
For a set
The full transformation monoid or full transformation semigroup on a set is the monoid defined as follows:
- The elements of the monoid are functions from
to itself.
- The identity element of the monoid is the identity map from
to itself.
- The monoid operation (multiplication) is composition of functions.
For a degree
The full transformation monoid of degree is defined as the full transformation monoid on a set of size
. Any bijection between sets induces an isomorphism between their full transformation monoids, so the full transformation monoid of degree
is uniquely defined up to isomorphism.
Facts
Order
For finite , the full transformation monoid of degree
has order
.
Group of invertible elements
The group of invertible elements in the full transformation monoid is precisely the symmetric group on the underlying set, i.e., the group of bijective maps from the underlying set to itself. For finite , the size of this group is
. As a fraction, we have that the fraction of invertible elements in the full transformation monoid is
, which goes to infinity as
.