Congruence condition on number of elementary abelian subgroups of prime-square order for odd prime
This article states and (possibly) proves a fact that is true for odd-order p-groups: groups of prime power order where the underlying prime is odd. The statement is false, in general, for groups whose order is a power of two.
View other such facts for p-groups|View other such facts for finite groups
This article defines a replacement theorem
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This article is about a congruence condition.
View other congruence conditions
Contents
Statement
Hands-on statement
Suppose is an odd prime and
is a finite
-group. Suppose
has an elementary abelian subgroup of order
. Then, the following are true:
- The number of elementary abelian subgroups of
of order
is congruent to
modulo
.
- The number of elementary abelian normal subgroups of
of order
is congruent to
modulo
. In particular, there is an elementary abelian normal subgroup of order
.
- If
is a normal subgroup of a bigger finite
-group
and
contains an elementary abelian subgroup of order
, then the number of elementary abelian subgroups of
that are normal in
is congruent to
modulo
. In particular, there is an elementary abelian subgroup of
that is normal in
.
Statement in terms of a universal congruence condition
Let be an odd prime.
Let be a singleton set comprising the elementary abelian subgroup of order
.
Then, is a Collection of groups satisfying a universal congruence condition (?) for the prime
.
Related facts
Breakdown at the prime two
Similar replacement theorems
- Jonah-Konvisser elementary abelian-to-normal replacement theorem does the analogue for elementary abelian subgroups of order
, for
and
odd.
- Jonah-Konvisser abelian-to-normal replacement theorem
Facts used
- Prime power order implies nilpotent, Nilpotent implies every maximal subgroup is normal
- Local origin corollary to line lemma
- Maximal subgroup of join of two elementary abelian normal subgroups of prime-square order contains elementary abelian subgroup of prime-square order for odd prime
Proof
We prove here the stronger version.
Equivalence of conditions (1)-(3)
For the equivalence of (1) and (2), consider the action of on itself by conjugation. Under this action, the non-normal elementary abelian subgroups of order
form orbits whose size is a multiple of
. Thus, the number of elementary abelian subgroups of order
is congruent modulo
to the number of elementary abelian normal subgroups of order
.
For the equivalence of definitions (1) and (3), consider the action of on
by conjugation. The subgroups of
that are not normal in
have orbits whose sizes are multiples of
, so the number of elementary abelian subgroups of order
in
is congruent modulo
to the number of such subgroups that are normal in
. In particular, (1) implies (3). (3) clearly implies (2), and (2) is equivalent to (1).
We will freely use this equivalence in the proof below.
Main proof
Given: A -group
(odd
).
has an elementary abelian subgroup
of order
.
To prove: The number of elementary abelian subgroups of of order
is
modulo
.
Proof: We prove the claim by induction on , assuming the result is true for smaller orders.
If , the number of subgroups is
, and we are done. We consider the other case:
- There exists a maximal subgroup
of
containing
: This follows since
is proper.
-
is normal in
: This follows from fact (1).
-
contains an elementary abelian normal subgroup
of order
(in fact,
): We apply the induction hypothesis in form (3) with
in place of
and
in place of
.
- If
contains only one elementary abelian normal subgroup of order
, we've proved the statement for
in form (2). So, we assume that
contains two distinct elementary abelian normal subgroups
.
- Consider the product
. This is either elementary abelian of order
, or is isomorphic to prime-cube order group:U(3,p), i.e., is a non-abelian group of order
and exponent
. In either case, every maximal subgroup of it contains an elementary abelian subgroup of order
(for more details, see fact (3)). In particular, the intersection of
with any maximal subgroup of
contains an elementary abelian group of order
.
- Thus,
is a local origin in the terminology of fact (2), and the induction hypothesis yields that the number of elementary abelian subgroups of order
in
is congruent to
modulo
.
References
Journal references
- Counting abelian subgroups of p-groups: a projective approach by Marc Konvisser and David Jonah, Journal of Algebra, ISSN 00218693, Volume 34, Page 309 - 330(Year 1975): PDF (ScienceDirect)More info, Application 1.7, Page 313