First cohomology group

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Definition

Let $G$ be a group acting on an abelian group $A$, via an action $\phi :G\to \mathrm{A}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{t}(A)$. Equivalently, $A$ is a module over the (possibly non-commutative) unital group ring $\mathbb{Z}G$ of $G$ over the ring of integers.

Definition in cohomology terms

The first cohomology group $H_{\phi }^1(G,A)$ is an abelian group defined in the following equivalent ways.

When $\phi$ is understood from context, the subscript ${}_{\phi }$ may be omitted in the notation for the cohomology group, as well as the notation for the groups of 1-cocycles and 1-coboundaries.

No.	Shorthand	Detailed description of $H_{\phi }^1(G,A)$, the second cohomology group
1	Explicit, using the bar resolution	$H_{\phi }^1(G,A)$, is defined as the quotient $Z_{\phi }^1(G,A)/B_{\phi }^1(G,A)$ where $Z_{\phi }^1(G,A)$ is the group of 1-cocycles for the action and $B_{\phi }^1(G,A)$ is the group of 1-coboundaries.
1'	Explicit, using the normalized bar resolution	Same as definition (1), but we use normalized cocycles and normalized coboundaries instead of arbitrary cocycles and coboundaries.
2	Complex based on arbitrary resolution	Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a projective resolution for $\mathbb{Z}$ as a $\mathbb{Z}G$-module with the trivial action. Let $\mathcal{C}$ be the complex ${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{o}}(\mathcal{F},A)$. The cohomology group $H_{\phi }^1(G,A)$ is defined as the first cohomology group for this complex.
3	As an $\stackrel{\mathrm{x}}{\mathrm{E}}$ functor	${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{x}}^{\mathrm{t}}(\mathbb{Z},A)$ where $\mathbb{Z}$ is a trivial $\mathbb{Z}G$-module and $A$ has the module structure specified by $\phi$.
4	As a right derived functor	$H_{\phi }^1(G,A)=R^1({-}^G)(A)$, i.e., it is the first right derived functor of the invariants functor for $G$ (denoted ${-}^G$) evaluated at $A$. The invariants functor sends a $\mathbb{Z}G$-module to its submodule of elements fixed by all elements of $G$.

All these definitions have natural analogues for the $n^{th}$ cohomology group $H_{\phi }^n(G,A)$ for all $n\ge 0$. For more, see cohomology group.

Definition in terms of stability automorphisms of extensions

Suppose $E$ is a group that has an abelian normal subgroup identified with $A$ and such that the quotient group $E/A$ is identified with $G$ (we abuse notation here and treat $A$ and $G$ as the actual subgroup and quotient group respectively). Further, assume that the induced action of the quotient on the subgroup is the same as the group action $\phi$.

Then, $H_{\phi }^1(G,A)$ is a group quotient:

(Group of stability automorphisms of the chain $1\underset{\_}{◃}A\underset{\_}{◃}E$)/(Subgroup comprising the stability automorphisms of the chain that are induced from conjugation by elements of $A$)

More precisely, the group of all stability automorphisms can be naturally identified with the 1-cocycle group $Z_{\phi }^1(G,A)$ and the group of stability automorphisms arising via conjugation by an element of $A$ can be naturally identified with the 1-coboundary group $B_{\phi }^1(G,A)$.

Particular cases

If the action of $G$ on $A$ is the trivial group action (i.e., every element of $G$ fixes every element of $A$), then the first cohomology group $H^1(G,A)$ can be naturally identified with the set $\mathrm{H}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}(G,A)$ endowed with a group structure under pointwise addition. Specifically, the group of 1-cocycles is identified with the group of homomorphisms under pointwise addition and the group of 1-coboundaries is the trivial group.Further information: First cohomology group for trivial group action is naturally isomorphic to group of homomorphisms

Generalizations=

• First cohomology set with coefficients in a non-abelian group