Linear representation theory of dicyclic groups
This article gives specific information, namely, linear representation theory, about a family of groups, namely: dicyclic group.
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This article discusses the linear representation theory of dicyclic groups. The dicyclic group of order , and degree
, is given by the following presentation:
.
For , the center of the dicyclic group is the two-element subgroup generated by
, and the quotient by that is the dihedral group of degree
and order
.
It turns out that the character tables of dicyclic group of degree (and hence, order
) and the dihedral group of degree
(and hence, order
) are equivalent. Further information: Dicyclic group of even degree has the same character table as dihedral group of same order
The linear representation theory of dicyclic groups of even degree
Representations arising from the dihedral group
Since there are conjugacy classes of elements, there are
irreducible representations over the complex numbers. Of these,
irreducible representations arise from irreducible representations of the quotient by the center, which is the dihedral group of degree
. Specifically, for any irreducible representation of the dihedral group of degree
, we compose with the quotient map to obtain an irreducible representation of the dicyclic group of degree
.
This includes four one-dimensional representations and two-dimensional representations.
For a complete description of these irreducible representations, refer linear representation theory of dihedral groups#the linear representation theory of dihedral groups of even degree.
Other representations
There are other irreducible representations of degree two. These are parametrized by the odd integers from
to
. Specifically, for
, define the representation:
.
Note that in all these representations, the non-identity central element is mapped to the negative of the identity matrix. All these representations are quaternionic representations. Specifically, they arise from homomorphisms from the dicyclic group to the multiplicative group of Hamiltonian quaternions.
Note that we also get representations for , but the representation for
is equivalent to the representation for
.
The linear representation theory of dicyclic groups of odd degree
Representations arising from the dihedral groups
Since there are conjugacy classes, there are
irreducible representations over the complex numbers. Of these,
irreducible representations arise from irreducible representations of the quotient by the center, which is the dihedral group of degree
. Specifically, for any irreducible representation of the dihedral group of degree
, we compose with the quotient map to obtain an irreducible representation of the dicyclic group of degree
.
This includes two one-dimensional representations and irreducible two-dimensional representations.
For a complete description of these irreducible representations, refer linear representation theory of dihedral groups#the linear representation theory of dihedral groups of odd degree.
Other one-dimensional representations
There are two more one-dimensional representations that do not have the center in their kernel. TO obtain these representations, note that the commutator subgroup is , and the abelianization is a cyclic group of order four generated by the image of
. Since
is odd,
lies outside the commutator subgroup. There are two one-dimensional representations with kernel
:
- The representation sending the coset of
to
, the coset of
to
, and the coset of
to
.
- The representation sending the coset of
to
, the coset of
to
, and the coset of
to
.
Other two-dimensional representations
There are other irreducible representations of degree two. These are parametrized by the odd integers from
to
. Specifically, for
, define the representation:
.
Note that in all these representations, the non-identity central element is mapped to the negative of the identity matrix. All these representations are quaternionic representations. Specifically, they arise from homomorphisms from the dicyclic group to the multiplicative group of Hamiltonian quaternions.
Note that we also get representations for , but the representation for
is equivalent to the representation for
.
Orthogonality relations and numerical checks
- In both the odd and even cases, there are
one-dimensional representations and
irreducible two-dimensional representations. Thus, the number of irreducible representations equals the number of conjugacy classes:
.
- In both cases, the sum of squares of degrees of irreducible representation is
, which is the order of the group. This confirms the fact that sum of squares of degrees of irreducible representations equals order of group.
- In both cases, all representations have degree
or
. This is consistent with the fact that there is an abelian normal subgroup
of index two, and degree of irreducible representation divides index of abelian normal subgroup.
- In the case of even degree, all the representations have real-valued characters. this is consistent with the fact that the dicyclic groups are ambivalent groups: every element is conjugate to its inverse.