Direct product of D8 and Z2
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Contents
Definition
This group is defined in the following ways:
- It is the external direct product of the dihedral group of order eight and the cyclic group of order two.
- It is the generalized dihedral group corresponding to the direct product of Z4 and Z2.
- It is the
-Sylow subgroup of the symmetric group of degree six.
A presentation for it is:
.
Elements
Upto conjugacy
There are ten conjugacy classes:
- The identity element. (1)
- The element
. (1)
- The element
. (1)
- The element
. (1)
- The two-element conjugacy class comprising
and
. (2)
- The two-element conjugacy class comprising
and
. (2)
- The two-element conjugacy class comprising
and
. (2)
- The two-element conjugacy class comprising
and
. (2)
- The two-element conjugacy class comprising
and
. (2)
- The two-element conjugacy class comprising
and
. (2)
Upto automorphism
Under the action of the automorphism group, the conjugacy classes (3) and (4) are in the same orbit -- in other words, and
are related by an automorphism. The conjugacy classes (5) and (6) are equivalent, and the conjugacy classes (7)-(10) are equivalent. Thus, the equivalence classes have sizes
.
Arithmetic functions
Want to compare and contrast arithmetic function values with other groups of the same order? Check out groups of order 16#Arithmetic functions
Group properties
Subgroups
Further information: Subgroup structure of direct product of D8 and Z2
The group has the following subgroups:
- The trivial group. (1)
- The cyclic group
of order two. This is central, and is also the set of squares. Isomorphic to cyclic group:Z2. (1)
- The subgroups
and
. These are both central subgroups of order two, but are related by an outer automorphism. Isomorphic to cyclic group:Z2. (2)
- The subgroups
,
,
,
,
,
,
, and
. These are all related by automorphisms, and are all 2-subnormal subgroups. They come in four conjugacy classes, namely the class
, the class
, the class
, and the class
. Isomorphic to cyclic group:Z2. (8)
- The subgroup
. This is the center, hence is a characteristic subgroup. Isomorphic to Klein four-group. (1)
- The subgroups
,
,
, and
. These are all normal subgroups, but are related by outer automorphisms. Isomorphic to Klein four-group. (4)
- The subgroups
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
. These subgroups are all 2-subnormal subgroups and are related by outer automorphisms, and they come in four conjugacy classes of size two. Isomorphic to Klein four-group. (8)
- The subgroups
and
. They are all normal and are related via outer automorphisms. Isomorphic to cyclic group:Z4. (2)
- The subgroups
and
. These are normal and are related by outer automorphisms. Isomorphic to elementary abelian group of order eight. (2)
- The subgroups
,
,
and
. These are both normal and are related by an outer automorphism. Isomorphic to dihedral group:D8. (4)
- The subgroup
. This is a characteristic subgroup. Isomorphic to direct product of Z4 and Z2. (1)
- The whole group. (1)
GAP implementation
Group ID
This finite group has order 16 and has ID 11 among the groups of order 16 in GAP's SmallGroup library. For context, there are 14 groups of order 16. It can thus be defined using GAP's SmallGroup function as:
SmallGroup(16,11)
For instance, we can use the following assignment in GAP to create the group and name it :
gap> G := SmallGroup(16,11);
Conversely, to check whether a given group is in fact the group we want, we can use GAP's IdGroup function:
IdGroup(G) = [16,11]
or just do:
IdGroup(G)
to have GAP output the group ID, that we can then compare to what we want.
Hall-Senior number
This group of prime power order has order 16 and has Hall-Senior number 6 among the groups of order 16. This information can be used to construct the group in GAP using the Gap3CatalogueGroup function as follows:
Gap3CatalogueGroup(16,6)
WARNING: There is some disagreement between the GAP 3 catalogue numbers and the Hall-Senior numbers for some abelian groups, but it does not affect this group.
For instance, we can use the following assignment in GAP to create the group and name it :
gap> G := Gap3CatalogueGroup(16,6);
Conversely, to check whether a given group is in fact the group we want, we can use GAP's Gap3CatalogueIdGroup function:
Gap3CatalogueIdGroup(G) = [16,6]
or just do:
Gap3CatalogueIdGroup(G)
to have GAP output the group ID, that we can then compare to what we want.
Other descriptions
Description | Functions used |
---|---|
DirectProduct(DihedralGroup(8),CyclicGroup(2)) | DirectProduct, DihedralGroup, CyclicGroup |
SylowSubgroup(SymmetricGroup(6),2) | SylowSubgroup, SymmetricGroup |